![]() įisahn C, Yilmaz E, Iwanaga J, Schmidt C, Benca E, Chapman JR, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS (2019) Avoiding the esophageal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during retractor placement: precluding postoperative dysphagia during anterior approaches to the cervical spine. ĭobran M, Gladi M, Mancini F, Nasi D (2018) Rare case of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion complication in a patient with Zenker’s diverticulum. Ĭhen X, Ren Z, Huang X (2018) Sarcoidosis of the medulla oblongata causing intractable hiccoughs and numbness of extremities. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 227:570–578Ĭarucci LR, Turner MA, Yeatman CF (2015) Dysphagia secondary to anterior cervical fusion: radiologic evaluation and findings in 74 patients. (99)00343-5īrown H (2002) Anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve plexus: relevance to head and neck cancer and atherosclerosis. Thieme, Ney York, pp 158–171īroussard DL, Altschuler SM (2000) Brainstem viscerotopic organization of afferents and efferents involved in the control of swallowing. In: Cranial nerves: anatomy, pathology, Imaging. Thieme, New York, pp 146–157īinder DK, Sonne DC, Fishbein NJ (2011) Vagus nerve. ![]() Mosby, Philadelphia, pp 467–475īinder DK, Sonne DC, Fishbein NJ (2011) Glosophayngeal nerve. In: Eisele DW, Smith R V (eds) Complications in Head and Neck Surgery (Second Edition), Second Edi. Thorough anatomical knowledge and lateral approaches to ACDF are the best preventing measures.Īnderson SK, Terris DJ (2009) CHAPTER 37 - complications of endoscopic neck surgery. Factors like surgical retraction time, postoperative hematoma, surgical hardware materials, and profiles and smoking are related to postoperative dysphagia onset. The neural contributions of the cranial nerves IX, X, and superior sympathetic ganglion intertwine to form the pharyngeal plexus that can be injured during ACDF procedures. Information was gathered regarding the pharyngeal plexus to improve our understanding of its anatomy to elucidate its involvement in postoperative spine surgery complications such as dysphagia. We conducted a narrative review of the current literature using databases like PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Cochrane. Although the pharyngeal plexus is an anatomical structure that is widely mentioned in literature and anatomy books, detailed descriptions of its structural nuances are scarce therefore, we provide a comprehensive review that encompasses all the available data from this critical structure. Therefore, a detailed understanding of its anatomy is essential for the surgeon who operates in and around this region. The pharyngeal plexus is likely to be encountered during various anterior cervical surgical procedures of the neck such as anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. The pharyngeal plexus is an essential anatomical structure, but the contributions from the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves and the superior cervical ganglion that give rise to the pharyngeal plexus are not fully understood.
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